Pdf until recently, patterns of species richness and endemism were based on an intuitive interpretation of distribution maps. Threatened freshwater biodiversity in madagascar and the indian ocean islands hotspot priorities for conservation action the issue the inland waters of madagascar and the indian ocean islands hotspot support a high diversity of threatened aquatic species, a large proportion of which are unique to this hotspot. Biodiversity hotspots, despite some criticism, have become a tool for setting conservation priorities and play an important role in decisionmaking for costeffective strategies to preserve biodiversity in terrestrial and, to some extent, marine ecosystems. Here, using the distribution data of 556 rhododendron species in china with high spatial resolution, we evaluated the performance of the two commonly used. Biodiversity hotspots and major tropical wilderness areas. Earths biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions and a paper published in. We first introduce the approach that lies behind the concept of hotspots. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a.
Global conservation planning is key for strategic allocation of flexible resources. However, hotspots represent conservation priorities. Pdf hotspots of biodiversity and conservation priorities. Home our work biodiversity hotspots philippines sources. Biodiversity and conservation although india h as only 2. British ecologist norman myers defined the biodiversity hotspot concept in 1988 to address the dilemma that conservationists face. Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from india. One important challenge in conservation is that, in many hotspots. Biodiversity hotspot for conservation priorities request pdf.
We delineate hotspots and coldspots of two biodiversity conservation features. Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for. The concept of biodiversity hotspots, pioneered by ecologist norman myers as a template for setting global conservation priorities myers 1988. A methodological approach article pdf available in italian journal of zoology 77 march 2010 with 201 reads how we measure reads. Promote the maintenance of traditional land use practices necessary for the conservation of mediterranean biodiversity in priority corridors of high cultural and biodiversity value.
However, the relative efficiency of different methods for identifying priority areas is still the subject of debate. Individual hotspots of species richness and endemicity are concentrated in relatively small areas, yet basing a global strategy for shark conservation on these hotspots alone would leave many species without protection. The biodiversity hotspots thesis was first published a long while ago myers 1988, 1990, and greatly revised and expanded recently mittermeier et al. This article is a qualitative as well as a quantitative advance on a preliminary effort5,6, which limited itself to vascular plants in 18 hotspots. Biodiversity information biodiversity portal of singapore. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities ciencia viva. These areas are clear priorities for biodiversity conservation, where conservation efforts are most urgent or will do the most good ricketts et al. Prioritizing species for conservation planning springerlink. Only recently have we begun to test key assumptions that determine how useful a hotspot approach can be for conservation planning. Most importantly, we advocate adopting more systematic and efficient methods, such as the scp approaches, rather than the hotspot method, to increase the coverage of range. Mora c, chittaro pm, sale pf, kritzer jp, ludsin sa 2003 patterns and processes in reef fish diversity. Hotspots of biodiversity areas particularly rich in species, rare species, threatened species, or some combination of these attributesare increasingly being delineated to help set priorities for conservation. Although the total area is less than 6 percent of the land area of india, the western ghats contains more than 30 percent of all plant, fish, herpetofauna. In this video ms malvika choudhary explains about biodiversity hotspots.
Global mammal distributions, biodiversity hotspots, and conservation gerardo ceballos and paul r. More importantly, the expanded criteria require that a hotspot contains. The tropical forest in xishuangbanna, southwest china, is a biodiversity hotspot for china, but is also vulnerable to deforestation due to rapid expansion of rubber plantations, thus better understanding of connectivity may be crucial to species persistence. Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks. Identifying species threat hotspots from global supply.
S2, but correlation values were small, and the correlation plots did not show clear trends, again indicating the low congruence of conservation priorities among the three dimensions of mammal biodiversity. Conservation of biodiversity short tricks to remember some name of. Global hotspots of species richness, functional diversity and endemicity were. Pdf biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities in the. The use of quantitative measures to select priority areas for conservation has been in practice since the early 1980s. Biodiversity hotspots and zones of ecological transition.
Conservation priorities for a biodiversity hotspot. Including other aspects of biodiversity such as communities or. Western ghats and sri lanka hotspot, one of 34 global biodiversity hotspots for conservation and one of the two on the indian subcontinent. Identification and protection of terrestrial global biodiversity hotspots. Madagascar is a hotspot of biodiversity because it is a tropical country where 5% of the worlds biodiversity resides, but also where natural resource degradation is increasing, including a. Incorporating threat in hotspots and coldspots of biodiversity and. Biodiversity hotspots are insufficient in capturing rangearestricted.
Marine biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities for. About 5,150 plant species and 1,837 animal species are endemic to. A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened by human habitation norman myers wrote about the concept in two articles in the environmentalist 1988, and 1990 revised after thorough analysis by myers and others hotspots. Along the way it has generated an unusual amount of interest among conservation biologists, with several hundred journal articles published on one aspect or another. A limitation of the fieldbased data lies in extending the insights from the data to regional or global scales. The fact that these areas lie largely within coastal states territorial. There can also be high congruence in areas with lower species counts, for example, 80% in the eastern arc with 0. Biodiversity hotspots and zones of ecological transition miguel b. This factor reinforces the conservation priority thesis, especially in those hotspots with the most endemic species table 3. Biodiversity hotspots are insufficient in capturing range. Criteria used for species prioritization range from aesthetical to evolutionary considerations. The efforts to protect biological diversity must be prioritized because resources for nature conservation are limited.
Conservation international, 2000, global biodiversity hotspots. Identifying conservation priorities in a defaunated. These areas are the biodiversity hotspots, 36 regions where success in conserving species can have an enormous impact in securing our global biodiversity. As many as 44% of all species of vascular plants and 35% of all species in four vertebrate groups are conned to 25 hotspots comprising only 1.
Hotspots of biodiversityareas particularly rich in species, rare species, threatened species, or some combination of these attributesare increasingly being delineated to help set priorities for conservation. The cepf strategy recognizes local communities and their organizations as the ultimate custodians of the biodiversity of the east melanesian islands hotspot, with the support of national and international nonprofit organizations, universities and private companies, and within an enabling regulatory and institutional context established by government. Biodiversity hotspots as defined by myers and conservation international. Recently, there have been several efforts to assess geographic priorities for conservation at broad scales. To maximize the effectiveness of conservation interventions to prevent unsustainable hunting in tropical biodiversity hotspots, it is. Hotspots of biodiversity a popular approach for selecting priority areas has been to select hotspots of diversity.
Thats because hotspots are among the richest and most important ecosystems in the world and they are home to many vulnerable populations who are directly dependent on nature to survive. Biodiversity hotspots revisited bioscience oxford academic. The location of and threats to biodiversity are distributed unevenly, so prioritization is essential to minimize biodiversity loss. Eight of 10 marine biodiversity hotspots and 14 of 18 centers of endemism are adjacent to terrestrial biodiversity hotspots. Biodiversity hotspots are a method to identify those regions of the world where attention is needed to address biodiversity loss and to guide investments in conservation. Hotspots of biodiversity and conservation priorities. To address this need, biodiversity conservation organizations have proposed nine templates of global priorities over the past decade. Home our work biodiversity hotspots mediterranean basin priorities. Extending terrestrial conservation efforts seaward in those places offers an effective and affordable strategy for protecting the planetary biota 18, 27, 28. Despite divergence in methods between the different schemes, an overall picture is emerging in which a few regions, particularly in the tropics and in mediterraneantype environments, are consistently emphasized as priorities for biodiversity conservation. Roberts cm, mcclean c, veron jen, hawkins jp, allen gr, et al. Global priorities for conservation across multiple.
In some areas, outright protection is still the best option. Since it is not possible to conserve all biodiversity due to lack of resources and the need to use land for human activities, areas are prioritised to those which are most in need of conservation. Pdf biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities carlos. Maintaining connectivity is critical for fragmented habitat networks to retain native species. Global mammal distributions, biodiversity hotspots, and. Global biodiversity conservation priorities science. Africas hotspots of biodiversity redefined wur edepot.
India has four out of thirtyfour global biodiversity hotspots, which is an indicator of high degree of endemism of species in india. Biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities despite that biodiversity losses are occurring everywhere on earth, some areas which are both extraordinarily rich in life forms and particularly threatened from a number of sources have been identified. In a world where conservation budgets are insufficient given the number of species threatened with extinction, identifying conservation priorities is crucial. Marine biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities. A second iteration of the national biodiversity strategy and action plan. We show that priority areas for mammal conservation exhibit low overlap across the three dimensions, highlighting the need for an integrative approach for biodiversity. The conservation values according to our prioritization analysis for each of the different dimensions were correlated table 1 and fig. Africa, biodiversity, conservation, endemism, global strategy for plant. More importantly, the expanded criteria require that a hotspot. Coral reefs fringe onesixth of the worlds coastlines 1 and support hundreds of thou. The forests and other remnant habitats in hotspots represent just 2. The priorities of biodiversity conservation and management has.
804 833 1395 844 508 693 1190 1398 1019 1287 842 382 832 1500 1200 70 1328 624 349 1370 583 78 811 1597 446 1466 497 245 369 279 1208 1085 1066